This is TeX, WAITS Version 1.2 (preloaded format=plain 84.10.20)  23 OCT 1984 21:47
**GALLEY.TEX
(GALLEY.TEX[MF,DEK] (MANMAC.TEX[TEX,DEK]
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) Chapter 6:
Loose \hbox (badness 13) in paragraph at lines 4--12, p.3
\tenrm So far in this book we've seen lots of things that \manual META\tenrm -\m
anual FONT \tenrm can do, but we

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.50249
.\tenrm S
.\tenrm o
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.\tenrm f
.\tenrm a
.etc.


Tight \hbox (badness 5) in paragraph at lines 4--12, p.3
\tenrm haven't discussed what \manual META\tenrm -\manual FONT \tenrm can't do. 
We have looked at many examples

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set - 0.35802
.\tenrm h
.\tenrm a
.\kern-0.27779
.\tenrm v
.\kern-0.27779
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 44) in paragraph at lines 4--12, p.3
\tenrm of commands that \manual META\tenrm -\manual FONT \tenrm can understand, 
but we haven't dwelt on the

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.76115
.\tenrm o
.\tenrm f
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.\tenrm c
.\tenrm o
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 6) in paragraph at lines 4--12, p.3
\tenrm fact that the computer will find many phrases unintelligible. It's time n
ow to

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.40181
.\tenrm f
.\tenrm a
.\tenrm c
.\tenrm t
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.etc.


Tight \hbox (badness 1) in paragraph at lines 4--12, p.3
\tenrm adopt a more systematic approach and to study the exact rules of \manual 
META\tenrm -\manual FONT\tenrm 's

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set - 0.1807
.\tenrm a
.\tenrm d
.\tenrm o
.\tenrm p
.\tenrm t
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 30) in paragraph at lines 4--12, p.3
\tenrm language. Then we'll know what makes sense to the machine, and we'll also


\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.66669
.\tenrm l
.\tenrm a
.\tenrm n
.\tenrm g
.\tenrm u
.etc.

%% goal height=528.0, max depth=2.2
% t=10.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=150 c=100000#
% t=22.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=34.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=46.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=58.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=70.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=150 c=100000#
% t=82.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#

Tight \hbox (badness 2) in paragraph at lines 13--22, p.3
[]\tenrm A \manual META\tenrm -\manual FONT \tenrm pro-gram con-sists of one or 
more lines of text, where each

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set - 0.2653
.\hbox(0.0+0.0)x36.0
.\tenrm A
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66498 minus 1.1122
.\manual M
.\manual E
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 63) in paragraph at lines 13--22, p.3
\tenrm line is made up of let-ters, num-bers, punc-tu-a-tions marks, and other s
ym-bols

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.85818
.\tenrm l
.\tenrm i
.\tenrm n
.\tenrm e
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 35) in paragraph at lines 13--22, p.3
\tenrm that ap-pear on a stan-dard com-puter key-board. A to-tal of 95 dif-fer-e
nt char-

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.70543
.\tenrm t
.\tenrm h
.\tenrm a
.\tenrm t
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 8) in paragraph at lines 13--22, p.3
\tenrm ac-ters can be used, namely a blank space plus the 94 vis-i-ble sym-bols 
of stan-

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.43248
.\tenrm a
.\tenrm c
.\discretionary
..\tenrm -
.\tenrm t
.\tenrm e
.etc.


Tight \hbox (badness 0) in paragraph at lines 13--22, p.3
\tenrm dard []ASCII.  (Ap-pen-dix C de-scribes the Amer-i-can Stan-dard Code for
 In-for-ma-

\hbox(7.5+2.5)x348.0, glue set - 0.02155
.\tenrm d
.\tenrm a
.\tenrm r
.\tenrm d
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 8) in paragraph at lines 13--22, p.3
\tenrm tion In-ter-change, pop-u-larly known as ``ASCII,'' un-der which code num
-bers 33

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.43092
.\tenrm t
.\tenrm i
.\tenrm o
.\tenrm n
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 2) in paragraph at lines 13--22, p.3
\tenrm through 126 have been as-signed to 94 spe-cific sym-bols. This par-tic-u-
lar cod-ing

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.25548
.\tenrm t
.\tenrm h
.\tenrm r
.\tenrm o
.\tenrm u
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 1) in paragraph at lines 13--22, p.3
\tenrm scheme is not im-por-tant to a \manual META\tenrm -\manual FONT \tenrm pr
o-gram-mer; the only rel-e-vant thing

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.20981
.\tenrm s
.\tenrm c
.\kern-0.27779
.\tenrm h
.\tenrm e
.etc.

% t=94.0 plus 1.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=150 c=100000#
% t=106.0 plus 1.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=118.0 plus 1.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=100 c=100000#
% t=130.0 plus 1.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=100 c=100000#
% t=142.3 plus 1.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=100 c=100000#
% t=154.0 plus 1.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=166.0 plus 1.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=178.0 plus 1.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=150 c=100000#
% t=190.3 plus 1.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#

Loose \hbox (badness 15) in paragraph at lines 23--30, p.3
[]\manual META\tenrm -\manual FONT \tenrm converts each line of text into a seri
es of []\tensl tokens\tenrm , and it's

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.52997
.\hbox(0.0+0.0)x36.0
.\manual M
.\manual E
.\manual T
.\kern-0.22223
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 14) in paragraph at lines 23--30, p.3
\tenrm important to understand exactly how this conversion takes place. Tokens a
re

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.52641
.\tenrm i
.\tenrm m
.\tenrm p
.\kern0.27777
.\tenrm o
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 6) in paragraph at lines 23--30, p.3
\tenrm the individual lexical units that govern the computer's activities; they 
are the

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.38445
.\tenrm t
.\tenrm h
.\tenrm e
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.\tenrm i
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 22) in paragraph at lines 23--30, p.3
\tenrm basic building blocks from which meaningful sequences of instructions can
 be

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.60254
.\tenrm b
.\tenrm a
.\tenrm s
.\tenrm i
.\tenrm c
.etc.


Tight \hbox (badness 10) in paragraph at lines 23--30, p.3
\tenrm constructed. We discussed tokens briefly at the end of the previous chapt
er; now

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set - 0.46133
.\tenrm c
.\tenrm o
.\tenrm n
.\tenrm s
.\tenrm t
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 7) in paragraph at lines 23--30, p.3
\tenrm we shall consider them in detail. Line 9 of the file \tentt io.mf \tenrm 
in that chapter is a

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.42363
.\tenrm w
.\kern-0.27779
.\tenrm e
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.\tenrm s
.etc.

% t=202.0 plus 2.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=150 c=100000#
% t=214.0 plus 2.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=226.0 plus 2.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=238.0 plus 2.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=250.0 plus 2.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=262.0 plus 2.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=50 c=100000#
% t=292.02222 plus 5.0 minus 1.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=335.96666 plus 11.0 minus 3.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#

Loose \hbox (badness 9) in paragraph at lines 37--51, p.3
\tenrm Two of these, \tentt "O" \tenrm and \tentt "The letter O"\tenrm , are cal
led []\tensl string tokens \tenrm because they

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.45024
.\tenrm T
.\tenrm w
.\kern-0.27779
.\tenrm o
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 2) in paragraph at lines 37--51, p.3
\tenrm represent strings of characters. Two of them, `\tentt 0.8\tenrm ' and `\t
entt 0\tenrm ', are called []\tensl numeric

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.26237
.\tenrm r
.\tenrm e
.\tenrm p
.\tenrm r
.\tenrm e
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 43) in paragraph at lines 37--51, p.3
\tensl tokens \tenrm because they represent numbers. The other twelve---`\tentt 
beginchar\tenrm ', `\tentt (\tenrm ',

\hbox(6.94444+2.22221)x348.0, glue set 0.75641
.\tensl t
.\tensl o
.\tensl k
.\kern-0.27779
.\tensl e
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 0) in paragraph at lines 37--51, p.3
\tenrm etc.---are called []\tensl symbolic tokens\tenrm ; such tokens can change
 their meaning while a

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.072
.\tenrm e
.\tenrm t
.\tenrm c
.\tenrm .
.\tenrm | (ligature ---)
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 0) in paragraph at lines 37--51, p.3
\manual META\tenrm -\manual FONT \tenrm program runs, but string tokens and nume
ric tokens always have a

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.07225
.\manual M
.\manual E
.\manual T
.\kern-0.22223
.\manual A
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 3) in paragraph at lines 37--51, p.3
\tenrm predetermined significance. Notice that clusters of letters like `\tentt 
beginchar\tenrm ' are

\hbox(6.94444+2.22221)x348.0, glue set 0.3148
.\tenrm p
.\tenrm r
.\tenrm e
.\tenrm d
.\tenrm e
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 4) in paragraph at lines 37--51, p.3
\tenrm treated as a unit; the same holds with respect to letters mixed with []un
derline

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.33212
.\tenrm t
.\tenrm r
.\tenrm e
.\tenrm a
.\tenrm t
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 31) in paragraph at lines 37--51, p.3
\tenrm characters, as in `\tentt mode_setup\tenrm '. Indeed, the rules we are ab
out to study will

\hbox(6.94444+2.22221)x348.0, glue set 0.67934
.\tenrm c
.\kern-0.27779
.\tenrm h
.\tenrm a
.\tenrm r
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 2) in paragraph at lines 37--51, p.3
\tenrm explain that clusters of other characters like `\tentt 0.8\tenrm ' and `\
tentt :=\tenrm ' are also considered

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.291
.\tenrm e
.\tenrm x
.\tenrm p
.\tenrm l
.\tenrm a
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 0) in paragraph at lines 37--51, p.3
\tenrm to be indecomposable tokens. \manual META\tenrm -\manual FONT \tenrm has 
a definite way of deciding where

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.09201
.\tenrm t
.\tenrm o
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.\tenrm b
.\kern0.27777
.etc.

% t=353.94444 plus 14.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=150 c=100000#
% t=365.94444 plus 14.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=377.96666 plus 14.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=389.94444 plus 14.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=401.94444 plus 14.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=413.96666 plus 14.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=425.94444 plus 14.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=437.96666 plus 14.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=449.94444 plus 14.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=461.94444 plus 14.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=150 c=100000#
% t=473.94444 plus 14.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=5741 p=0 c=5741#

Loose \hbox (badness 0) in paragraph at lines 52--60, p.3
[]\tenrm It's often convenient to discuss grammatical rules by formulating them

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.13937
.\hbox(0.0+0.0)x36.0
.\tenrm I
.\tenrm t
.\tenrm '
.\tenrm s
.etc.


Tight \hbox (badness 1) in paragraph at lines 52--60, p.3
\tenrm in a special notation that was introduced about 1960 by John []Backus and
 Peter

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set - 0.2067
.\tenrm i
.\tenrm n
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.\tenrm a
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 10) in paragraph at lines 52--60, p.3
[]\tenrm Naur. Parts of speech are represented by named quantities in []angle br
ackets,

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.47374
.\write1{Naur !0 \number \pageno .}
.\tenrm N
.\tenrm a
.\tenrm u
.\tenrm r
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 43) in paragraph at lines 52--60, p.3
\tenrm and []\tensl syntax rules \tenrm are used to express the ways in which th
ose quantities can

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.75569
.\tenrm a
.\tenrm n
.\tenrm d
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.\write1{syntax rules !0 \number \pageno .}
.etc.


Loose \hbox (badness 6) in paragraph at lines 52--60, p.3
\tenrm be built up from simpler units. For example, here are three syntax rules 
that

\hbox(6.94444+1.94444)x348.0, glue set 0.39264
.\tenrm b
.\kern0.27777
.\tenrm e
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.\tenrm b
.etc.

% t=485.94444 plus 15.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=2197 p=150 c=2347#
% t=497.94444 plus 15.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=804 p=0 c=804#
% t=509.94444 plus 15.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=174 p=0 c=174#
% t=521.94444 plus 15.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=6 p=0 c=6#
% t=533.94444 plus 15.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=* p=150 c=*
[801]
%% goal height=528.0, max depth=2.2
% t=10.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=150 c=100000#
% t=40.3 plus 3.0 minus 2.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=52.3 plus 4.0 minus 2.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=64.3 plus 5.0 minus 2.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=300 c=100000#
% t=76.3 plus 5.0 minus 2.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=-100 c=100000#

Tight \hbox (badness 4) in paragraph at lines 66--84, p.3
\tenrm The first rule says that a [] is either `\tentt 0\tenrm ' or `\tentt 1\te
nrm ' or $[]$ or `\tentt 9\tenrm '; thus it is

\hbox(7.5+2.5)x348.0, glue set - 0.33182
.\tenrm T
.\tenrm h
.\tenrm e
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.\tenrm ↑↑L (ligature fi)
.etc.


Tight \hbox (badness 0) in paragraph at lines 66--84, p.3
\tenrm one of the ten numerals. The next blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah
 blah

\hbox(6.94444+0.0)x348.0, glue set - 0.1504
.\tenrm o
.\tenrm n
.\tenrm e
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.\tenrm o
.etc.


Tight \hbox (badness 2) in paragraph at lines 66--84, p.3
\tenrm blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah bla
h blah

\hbox(6.94444+0.0)x348.0, glue set - 0.2533
.\tenrm b
.\tenrm l
.\tenrm a
.\tenrm h
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.etc.


Tight \hbox (badness 2) in paragraph at lines 66--84, p.3
\tenrm blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah bla
h blah

\hbox(6.94444+0.0)x348.0, glue set - 0.2533
.\tenrm b
.\tenrm l
.\tenrm a
.\tenrm h
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.etc.


Tight \hbox (badness 2) in paragraph at lines 66--84, p.3
\tenrm blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah bla
h blah

\hbox(6.94444+0.0)x348.0, glue set - 0.2533
.\tenrm b
.\tenrm l
.\tenrm a
.\tenrm h
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.etc.


Tight \hbox (badness 2) in paragraph at lines 66--84, p.3
\tenrm blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah bla
h blah

\hbox(6.94444+0.0)x348.0, glue set - 0.2533
.\tenrm b
.\tenrm l
.\tenrm a
.\tenrm h
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.etc.


Tight \hbox (badness 2) in paragraph at lines 66--84, p.3
\tenrm blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah bla
h blah

\hbox(6.94444+0.0)x348.0, glue set - 0.2533
.\tenrm b
.\tenrm l
.\tenrm a
.\tenrm h
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.etc.


Tight \hbox (badness 2) in paragraph at lines 66--84, p.3
\tenrm blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah bla
h blah

\hbox(6.94444+0.0)x348.0, glue set - 0.2533
.\tenrm b
.\tenrm l
.\tenrm a
.\tenrm h
.\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.1111
.etc.

% t=94.3 plus 8.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=150 c=100000#
% t=106.0 plus 8.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=118.0 plus 8.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=130.0 plus 8.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=142.0 plus 8.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=154.0 plus 8.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=166.0 plus 8.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=0 c=100000#
% t=178.0 plus 8.0 minus 4.0 g=528.0 b=10000 p=150 c=100000#
! Interruption.
p.3,l.85 
         
? x
Output written on GALLEY.DVI[MF,DEK] (1 page, 4600 bytes).